Palm Oil as a Transformer Insulating Fluid: A Review

Abstract

Traditionally, mineral oil has dominated the industry due to its reliable dielectric properties and effective thermal conductivity. However, the increasing environmental concerns surrounding the use of non-renewable and ecologically hazardous mineral oil have initiated research into alternative, sustainable insulating fluids. Palm oil has emerged as a potential candidate due to its biodegradable nature and renewable source. This paper provides a comprehensive review of palm oil’s suitability as a transformer insulating fluid, comparing its dielectric properties, thermal stability, and environmental benefits to those of mineral oil. Besides, palm oil exhibits promising characteristics, including a breakdown voltage of up to 60 kV, superior moisture tolerance, and a higher relative permittivity, making it suitable for high-voltage applications. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding oxidation stability and viscosity, which require further refinement for broader adoption. The study emphasizes the potential of palm oil to align with global sustainability goals while addressing the technical requirements of transformers.