Mechanical Evaluation of Sustainable Marine Hybrid Composites Combining Kenaf and Fibreglass through Infusion Technique

Abstract

Hybrid natural and synthetic fibre composites are gaining significant attention as sustainable reinforcement materials. However, hybridization of natural fibres like kenaf with synthetic fibres such as fibreglass for marine applications remains unexplored and the underlying system and mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. This study presents the mechanical characterization of a novel green marine composite hybrid reinforced with kenaf fibres and fibreglass, fabricated via the resin infusion method. The research focuses on developing an eco-friendly, sustainable composite material aimed at marine structural applications. Kenaf, a natural fibre, combined with fibreglass, enhances the mechanical performance while reducing environmental impact compared to conventional composites. The composite was fabricated using an optimized infusion technique and its tensile, flexural and impact properties were systematically evaluated. Results show that the hybrid composite exhibits improved strength and durability, suitable for marine environments, with the added benefit of sustainability. Hybrid kenaf/polypropylene/woven roving fibreglass hybrid composite shows highest in tensile strength and least percentage of water absorption. Meanwhile hybrid kenaf/polypropylene/chopped strand mat fibreglass hybrid composite possess highest in flexural strength and impact strength. This work contributes to the advancement of green materials engineering, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and 14 (Life Below Water), by promoting sustainable industrial innovation, reducing synthetic fibre use and protecting marine ecosystems. The findings highlight the potential of natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites as viable alternatives in marine applications, supporting environmentally responsible manufacturing and resource conservation.