Model Keusahawanan Sosial Komuniti Nelayan. Satu Analisis Sosial
Social Entrepreneurship Model of Fishing Communities. A Social Analysis
Keywords:
Keusahawanan sosial Islam, komuniti nelayan, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, pembangunan komuniti, pemberdayaan ekonomi, model berasaskan nilai, Islamic social entrepreneurship, fishing communities, community development, economic empowerment, value-based modelAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan satu Model Keusahawanan Sosial Komuniti Nelayan (MKSKN) yang holistik, kontekstual dan berasaskan prinsip maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. Objektif kajian adalah untuk: (1) mengenal pasti faktor persekitaran dan dalaman yang mempengaruhi pembangunan keusahawanan sosial komuniti nelayan, (2) menganalisis keberkesanan program dan dasar sedia ada, serta (3) mencadangkan sebuah model yang memadukan dimensi ekonomi, sosial dan spiritual. Meskipun komuniti nelayan merupakan penyumbang utama kepada keselamatan makanan negara, majoriti mereka masih berhadapan dengan kemiskinan multidimensi dan kebergantungan berpanjangan terhadap bantuan kerajaan. Pendekatan pembangunan konvensional yang bersifat top-down dan berorientasikan bantuan didapati kurang berkesan dalam membina daya tahan ekonomi jangka panjang. Selain itu, model keusahawanan sosial sedia ada kurang kontekstual kerana tidak mengintegrasikan nilai Islam dan budaya tempatan yang menjadi teras kehidupan komuniti nelayan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan fenomenologi dengan analisis tematik yang ditafsirkan melalui kerangka maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti lima tema utama, iaitu keperluan peralihan daripada model bantuan kepada model pemberdayaan, potensi nilai Islam dan budaya tempatan sebagai asas pembangunan, kepentingan struktur pemilikan kolektif, keperluan ekosistem kolaboratif yang kukuh, serta perlunya ukuran kejayaan yang bersifat holistik merangkumi kesejahteraan ekonomi, sosial dan spiritual. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pembangunan keusahawanan sosial komuniti nelayan memerlukan pendekatan yang berasaskan nilai dan konteks setempat. Model MKSKN yang dicadangkan berpotensi menjadi kerangka efektif bagi memacu transformasi sosioekonomi yang lebih mampan dan beretika. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengembangan wacana keusahawanan sosial Islam dan pembangunan komuniti tempatan, di samping mencadangkan pelaksanaan kajian rintis, pembangunan modul latihan berasaskan maqāṣid dan pengukuhan platform kolaboratif antara pihak berkepentingan.
This article aims to develop a holistic, contextual and based on the principles of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah Social Entrepreneurship Model (MKSKN). The objectives of the study are to: (1) identify the environmental and internal factors that influence the development of social entrepreneurship in fishing communities, (2) analyze the effectiveness of existing programs and policies, and (3) propose a model that integrates economic, social and spiritual dimensions. Although fishing communities are major contributors to national food security, the majority of them still face multidimensional poverty and prolonged dependence on government assistance. Conventional development approaches that are top-down and aid-oriented are found to be less effective in building long-term economic resilience. In addition, existing social entrepreneurship models lack context because they do not integrate Islamic values and local culture that are the core of fishing community life.
This study uses a qualitative approach based on phenomenology with thematic analysis interpreted through the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah framework. The findings of the study identify five main themes, namely the need to shift from a relief model to an empowerment model, the potential of Islamic values and local culture as the basis for development, the importance of collective ownership structures, the need for a strong collaborative ecosystem, and the need for a holistic measure of success that encompasses economic, social and spiritual well-being. In conclusion, this study shows that the development of social entrepreneurship in fishing communities requires an approach based on local values and context. The proposed MKSKN model has the potential to be an effective framework to drive more sustainable and ethical socioeconomic transformation. This study contributes to the expansion of the discourse on Islamic social entrepreneurship and local community development, in addition to proposing the implementation of a pilot study, the development of maqāṣid-based training modules and the strengthening of collaborative platforms between stakeholders.
