A Conceptual Framework for Organisational Readiness in Building Information Modelling (BIM) Adoption

Authors

  • Nik Mohd Iznan Tuan Yaakub Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia
  • Irwan Mohammad Ali Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia
  • Mohd Rofdzi Abdullah Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia

Keywords:

Building Information Modelling (BIM), Organizational Readiness, Construction 4.0

Abstract

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a transformative digital technology within the construction industry. It supports integrated approaches to design, construction and facilities management within a unified digital environment. BIM has been widely recognised for improving project efficiency, strengthening collaboration and enhancing sustainability outcomes. However, its adoption remains uneven across organisations, particularly in developing economies where variations in organisational readiness, technological capability and human competency continue to impede effective implementation. These challenges underscore the importance of understanding the multidimensional factors that shape organisational preparedness for BIM. This study proposes a conceptual framework for assessing organisational readiness for BIM adoption by integrating four key dimensions: technological readiness, organisational capability and leadership, human competency and digital culture, and the external and regulatory environment. Drawing on the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework, the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and established organisational readiness constructs; the framework offers a structured, theory driven foundation for examining how internal and external conditions interact to influence BIM implementation outcomes. The proposed framework positions BIM adoption as a dynamic and interconnected organisational process that extends beyond technology acquisition. It emphasises the critical roles of leadership commitment, strategic alignment, workforce capability and compliance with regulatory and industry expectations. By offering a holistic perspective on readiness, the framework is intended to serve as an analytical foundation for practitioners, policymakers and researchers, subject to future empirical validation. Ultimately, the framework contributes to ongoing efforts to advance digital transformation and collaborative innovation within the broader agenda of Construction 4.0.

Author Biographies

Nik Mohd Iznan Tuan Yaakub, Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia

nimoizty@gmail.com

Irwan Mohammad Ali, Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia

irwan9471@uitm.edu.my

Mohd Rofdzi Abdullah, Department of Built Environment Studies & Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, 32610 Seri IIskandar Campus, Perak, Malaysia

rofdzi159@uitm.edu.my

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Published

2026-01-31

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Section

Articles