Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tin Mining Activities: a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Tin mining contributes significantly to the world economy, particularly in the creation of electronics and construction materials, but it frequently has a negative influence on the environment and the health of those living near mines. These effects include deforestation, habitat damage, water contamination, and radiation exposure from mining waste. The main issue is environmental devastation and substantial health risks caused by uncontrolled mining activities. The goal of this research is to investigate the ecological and health effects of tin mining and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies. The approach employed is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a data search strategy based on PICOS, and databases used include Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, and Scopus. Relevant publications were identified using the PRISMA technique and examined using Covidence and VOSviewer software. Based on inclusion criteria, 54 articles were chosen for the systematic literature review out of 608 total. The bibliometric study revealed 52 distinct terms connected to the impact of tin mining, including "natural radioactivity," "radiation hazards," "heavy metals," and "environmental monitoring." Chemical and radioactive contamination cause environmental damage by contaminating soil and water and threatening biodiversity. Tin mining emits heavy metals into the environment, including arsenic and lead, which harms human health and ecosystems. Radiation exposure from mining waste, such as NORM and TENORM, raises the risk of cancer and other disorders. Mining waste also pollutes water sources, affects aquatic ecosystems, and endangers the health of those who rely on water. Some of the proposed solutions include regular monitoring of environmental quality, improved waste management, and stringent regulatory enforcement to mitigate the harmful effects of tin mining. This study highlights the need for a holistic approach to tin mining management to reduce negative environmental and human health impacts, including radiation monitoring systems, improved waste management, and legislation that promote sustainable mining practices. Furthermore, in order to manage tin mining responsibly, greater legislation, improved oversight, and coordination among the government, industry, and society are required. The research is also useful in informing government , industry, and the general public on the consequences of tin mining and encouraging more sustainable methods.